Leukocytes - phagocytic WBC*
*WBC=white blood cell(s)
What is the difference between antigens & antibodies?
~ Antigens are known as cellular "name tags" that trigger things such as an allergic reaction. Antibodies are proteins that bind to a specific antigen. There are many, many antibodies! However, antibodies can only have one antigen.
Perforin:
~ Perforin is a protein released by the natural killer cells (NK cells) that punctures the cell membrane of an infected cell. This forces water & other fluids to swell into the cell and causes it to lyse (split or pop).
Histamines:
- Released by mast cells at the site of inflammation (part of the inflammatory response)
Vaccinations:
~ Stimulate B-cells' systems to produce antibodies to pathogens
~ Infected cells digest some pathogens!
~ Do you think that vaccinations are worth the risks???
Immunoglobulins: secreted antibodies that lack the transmembrane regions that anchor receptors in the plasma membrane
Autoimmune diseases:
~ Occurs when the immune system loses tolerance & turns against certain molecules of the body
~ Example: rheumatoid arthritis (damaged & painful inflammation of the cartilage & bone of the joints)
Rh factor: a red blood cell antigen that can cause trouble for a fetus that induces immune responses in which memory cells are generated
Lymphatic / Immune System!
Acquired Immunity!*
*Bacteria & insects inherit resistance. Vertebrates acquire immunity!
Acquired Immunity:
- 2nd line of defense for the body
- Developes after exposure to pathogens
- Specific attcks (unlike innate immunity)